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History of Sculpture tonsamith 34 vistas • 4 años hace

What Are Sculptures?
Sculptures are three-dimensional works of art made from materials like stone, metal, ceramics, and wood. Sculptors use a variety of methods to construct works of art, including carving, constructing, modeling, and casting.

A Brief History of Western Sculpture
The history of sculpture traces back to the dawn of civilization.

Prehistoric sculptures (40,000—4,000 BCE): Prehistoric sculptures ranged from stone carvings to bronze castings. Other prehistoric sculptures were carved out of clay, bone, wood, and stone. One of the oldest known sculptures is Lion-man of the Hohlenstein-Stadel, a figurine carved from mammoth ivory found in Germany.
Ancient sculptures (4,000 BCE—400 CE): Ancient sculptures include large ancient Egyptian statues like the Great Sphinx of Giza and sunken relief sculptures carved into stone—many of which featured Egyptian gods. Art historians delineate ancient Greek sculptures into three periods: Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. As ancient Greece developed through the centuries, Greek sculptures transformed from early rigid works to extremely sophisticated artworks.
Medieval sculptures (400—1400s): After the fall of the Roman empire, sculptors across Europe created predominantly religious artworks. During the Dark Ages, the Catholic Church gained power and influence, commissioning sculptures featuring Christian iconography. Near the end of the Medieval period, the Gothic style became popular with Italian artists like Giotto and Duccio, who created Gothic sculptures for cathedrals and abbeys.
Renaissance sculptures (1400–1600s): During the Renaissance in Europe, sculptors created classical works made from bronze and marble. The most well-known sculptor of this period is Michelangelo, whose marble sculptures changed the course of art history. His iconic freestanding sculpture David (1501–1504) still stands in Florence today. Another of his marble sculptures, Pietà (1498–1499), depicts the Virgin Mary holding the body of Jesus.
Baroque, Rococo, and Romantic sculptures (1600–1850s): During these periods, sculptures became even more ornate, elegant, and often erotic. The subject matter of these sculptures moved away from the religious and toward the individual, characterized by artworks like Claude Michel’s terracotta sculpture The Intoxication of Wine (1780–1790).
Modern and contemporary sculptures (1860s to present day): Modern art sculptures encompass a wide range of art movements, including Cubism, Russian Constructivism, Dadaism, and more. Artists like Alexander Calder developed kinetic sculptures that move. Throughout his career, Pablo Picasso made experimental sculptures out of a wide range of materials, including cardboard, clay, and found objects.

Article by: Jeff Koons
Source: Masterclass.com
Created by: Ton Samith

___________ Educational Tutorials _____________

Camvito168 is a WordPress educational tutorial expertise that is dedicated to providing exceptional videos for free.

_______________________________

Welcome to Camvito 168. I am Samith Ton, the channel owner, who created this channel to share what the technology can connect us to the world.

Technology affects almost every aspect of 21st century life, from transport efficiency and safety, to access to food and healthcare, socialization and productivity. The power of the internet has enabled global communities to form ideas and resources to be shared more easily.

In this channel, videos would be posted every two days at 5:00 AM. It is believed that the technology can enable us to learn and share what matters to the 21st century life. You will learn how the technology can create interactive innovations and modern tools to ease people's communication.

Camvito 168 presents you with the following technology ideas:
1. Web Technology
2. Transportation Technology
3. Natural Rare Material Technology
4. Telecommunication Technology
5. Social Media Technology
6. Computer Technology

Visit www.camvito.com to learn more about the WordPress technical solutions.

_____________Disclaimer__________________
Producer: Ton Samith
Editor: Ton Samith
Channel: Camvito 168
FB Page: Camvito168
Video editor: Movavi Video Editor Plus
Sound/Music: YouTube Library
Thumbnail: Canva Pro
Photo: Freepik Premium
Voice: Camvito Voice (AI Voice Technology)

Tech 06. How Is Gold Formed? Origins and Process tonsamith 37 vistas • 4 años hace

How Is Gold Formed? Origins and Process

Gold is a chemical element easily recognized by its yellow metallic color. It is valuable because of its rarity, resistance to corrosion, electrical conductivity, malleability, ductility, and beauty. If you ask people where gold comes from, most will say you obtain it from a mine, pan for flakes in a stream, or extract it from seawater. However, the true origin of the element predates the formation of the Earth.

Key Takeaways: How Is Gold Formed?
Scientists believe all the gold on Earth formed in supernovae and neutron star collisions that occurred before the solar system formed. In these events, gold formed during the r-process.
Gold sank to the Earth's core during the planet's formation. It's only accessible today because of asteroid bombardment.
Theoretically, it's possible to form gold by the nuclear processes of fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. It's easiest for scientists to transmute gold by bombarding the heavier element mercury and producing gold via decay.
Gold cannot be produced via chemistry or alchemy. Chemical reactions cannot change the number of protons within an atom. The proton number or atomic number defines an element's identity.

Natural Gold Formation
While nuclear fusion within the Sun makes many elements, the Sun cannot synthesize gold. The considerable energy required to make gold only occurs when stars explode in a supernova or when neutron stars collide. Under these extreme conditions, heavy elements form via the rapid neutron-capture process or r-process.

Where Does Gold Occur?
All of the gold found on Earth came from the debris of dead stars. As the Earth formed, heavy elements such as iron and gold sank toward the planet's core. If no other event had occurred, there would be no gold in the Earth's crust. But, around 4 billion years ago, Earth was bombarded by asteroid impacts. These impacts stirred the deeper layers of the planet and forced some gold into the mantle and crust.

Some gold may be found in rock ores. It make occur as flakes, as the pure native element, and with silver in the natural alloy electrum. Erosion frees the gold from other minerals. Since gold is heavy, it sinks and accumulates in stream beds, alluvial deposits, and the ocean.

Earthquakes play an important role, as a shifting fault rapidly decompresses mineral-rich water. When the water vaporizes, veins of quartz and gold deposit onto rock surfaces. A similar process occurs within volcanoes.

How Much Gold Is in the World?
The amount of gold extracted from the Earth is a tiny fraction of its total mass. In 2016, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimated 5,726,000,000 troy ounces or 196,320 U.S. tons had been produced since the dawn of civilization. About 85% of this gold remains in circulation. Because gold is so dense (19.32 grams per cubic centimeter), it does not take up much space for its mass. In fact, if you melted all the gold mined to date, you'd wind up with a cube about 60 feet across!

Nevertheless, gold accounts for a few parts per billion of the mass of the Earth's crust. While it's not economically feasible to extract much gold, there are about 1 million tons of gold in the top kilometer of the Earth's surface. The abundance of gold in the mantle and core is unknown, but it greatly exceeds the amount in the crust.

Synthesizing the Element Gold
Attempts by alchemists to turn lead (or other elements) into gold were unsuccessful because no chemical reaction can change one element into another. Chemical reactions involve a transfer of electrons between elements, which may produce different ions of an element, but the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is what defines its element. All atoms of gold contain 79 protons, so the atomic number of gold is 79.

Making gold isn't as simple as directly adding or subtracting protons from other elements. The most common method of changing one element into another (transmutation) is to add neutrons to another element. Neutrons change the isotope of an element, potentially making the atoms unstable enough to break apart via radioactive decay.

Article by: Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Source: thoughtco.com
Created by: Ton Samith

We created this tutorial for the educational purpose of learning how gold is formed.

___________ Educational Tutorials _____________

Camvito168 is a WordPress educational tutorial expertise that is dedicated to providing exceptional videos for free.

Visit www.camvito.com to learn more about the WordPress technical solutions.

_____________Disclaimer__________________
Producer: Ton Samith
Editor: Ton Samith
Channel: Camvito 168
FB Page: Camvito168
Video editor: Movavi Video Editor Plus
Sound/Music: YouTube Library
Thumbnail: Canva Pro
Photo: Freepik Premium

Tech 20. History of Steel and its development process tonsamith 55 vistas • 4 años hace

The steel industry has grown from ancient times, when a few men may have operated, periodically, a small furnace producing 10 kilograms, to the modern integrated iron- and steelworks, with annual steel production of about 1 million tons. The largest commercial steelmaking enterprise, Nippon Steel in Japan, was responsible for producing 26 million tons in 1987, and 11 other companies generally distributed throughout the world each had outputs of more than 10 million tons. Excluding the Eastern-bloc countries, for which employment data are not available, some 1.7 million people were employed in 1987 in producing 430 million tons of steel. That is equivalent to about 250 tons of steel per person employed per year—a remarkably efficient use of human endeavour.

Article by: Jack Nutting
Source: britannica.com
Created by: Ton Samith

___________ Educational Tutorials _____________

Camvito168 is a WordPress educational tutorial expertise that is dedicated to providing exceptional videos for free.

_______________________________

Welcome to Camvito 168. I am Samith Ton, the channel owner, who created this channel to share what the technology can connect us to the world.

Technology affects almost every aspect of 21st century life, from transport efficiency and safety, to access to food and healthcare, socialization and productivity. The power of the internet has enabled global communities to form ideas and resources to be shared more easily.

In this channel, videos would be posted every two days at 5:00 AM. It is believed that the technology can enable us to learn and share what matters to the 21st century life. You will learn how the technology can create interactive innovations and modern tools to ease people's communication.

Camvito 168 presents you with the following technology ideas:
1. Web Technology
2. Transportation Technology
3. Natural Rare Material Technology
4. Telecommunication Technology
5. Social Media Technology
6. Computer Technology

Visit www.camvito.com to learn more about the WordPress technical solutions.

_____________Disclaimer__________________
Producer: Ton Samith
Editor: Ton Samith
Channel: Camvito 168
FB Page: Camvito168
Video editor: Movavi Video Editor Plus
Sound/Music: YouTube Library
Thumbnail: Canva Pro
Photo: Freepik Premium
Voice: Camvito Voice (AI Voice Technology)

2023 Land Rover Range Rover - Amazing Ultra-Luxury Large SUV! originlight 151 vistas • 4 años hace

Thanks: 3DRentalCar
https://www.instagram.com/3drentalcar/

2023 Land Rover Range Rover
Starting at $105.850

Highs Elegant exterior styling, sumptuously-outfitted cabin, range of powerful and polished powertrains.
Lows Six-figure starting price, plug-in hybrid only offered on base trim, snug third-row headroom.
Verdict Suave, sophisticated, and sybaritic, the 2023 Range Rover is everything a flagship luxury SUV should be.

Overview

What attracts global elites to the Range Rover isn't the SUV's legendary off-road capability, but rather its effortlessly elegant styling, its opulent cabin, and the A-list status that it’s developed over the years. The list of Range Rover owners even includes Her Majesty the Queen. One couldn't ask for a better brand ambassador. The 2023 model represents the most luxurious Range Rover yet. A trio of powertrain options—including a hybrid—deliver ample power; the brand's largest SUV comports itself through traffic regally, with a smooth ride and a hushed interior. Venturing off-road is certainly an option for Range Rover owners; all-wheel drive is standard and the air suspension can be raised to provide extra ground clearance—although we know that few will actually dare to subject this rolling art piece to such indignity. The Range Rover starts at over $100,000, which means it's more expensive than rivals such as the Cadillac Escalade, the Jeep Grand Wagoneer, and the Mercedes-Benz GLS-class. So be it. The Range’s reputation, presence, and royal endorsement all help justify its premium price tag.

What's New for 2023?

The revamped Range Rover technically debuted for the 2022 model year, but it was confusingly sold alongside the previous generation model, and not all of its variants were available. For 2023, the older model is no more. For 2023 the plug-in hybrid P440e powertrain joins the lineup, and Land Rover says this setup will provide up to 48 miles of electric-only driving range. It's available exclusively on the short-wheelbase SE trim.
Pricing and Which One to Buy
SE: $105,850:
SE PHEV: $106,250:
Autobiography: $158,950
First Edition: $165,350
SV: $194,450

We'd recommend opting for the mid-range Autobiography model, which adds several sought-after items that luxury buyers will appreciate. For example, the Autobiography comes standard with a 1600-watt Meridian stereo system featuring headrest-mounted speakers and active noise cancellation. The Range Rover will be offered in both a short- and long-wheelbase body styles; and we suggest going for the latter since it creates room for a third row of seats and provides a more generous cargo area.

Engine, Transmission, and Performance
The Range Rover is available with a trio of powertrains, starting with a turbocharged inline-six with a 48-volt hybrid system dubbed P400 that develops 395 horsepower. During our initial test drive it proved to be silky-smooth and provided adequate pep to tug the large Range Rover around. A 523-hp twin-turbo 4.4-liter V-8 engine—Land Rover calls it P530—is even perkier and cranks up the Range Rover's towing capacity to 8200 pounds. A 434-hp plug-in hybrid option—called P440e—is also available but only on the short wheelbase SE trim. The Range Rover's ride is suitably plush and, with its adjustable air suspension set to Comfort mode, it virtually floats down the road. Turning the dial to Dynamic mode firms things up some, but the big Rover still aims for a comfort-first mission. When we get a chance to take the Range Rover on our test track, we'll update this story with test results.

Range, Charging, and Battery Life
The EPA hasn't released official range estimates for the plug-in hybrid P440e, but Land Rover says the system's 31.8-kWh battery pack should provide around 48 miles of electric-only driving range. The P440e is capable of DC fast charging or can be charged at a home-based charger.

Fuel Economy and Real-World MPG
The most fuel efficient Range Rover will likely be the plug-in hybrid P440e, but the EPA hasn't estimated fuel economy numbers for that model yet. The entry-level P400 is rated for 18 mpg city and 26 mpg highway while the V-8–powered P530 has earned 16 mpg city and 21 mpg highway estimates. When we have a chance, we'll test the Range Rover on our 75-mph highway fuel economy route and update this story with details. For more information about the Range Rover's fuel economy, visit the EPA's website.
Read More https://www.caranddriver.com/l....and-rover/range-rove

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