La acidificación del océano se refiere al proceso de los océanos de nuestro planeta que se vuelven más ácidos debido al aumento global de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono.

Desde la Revolución Industrial, los expertos estiman que los océanos de la Tierra han absorbido más de una cuarta parte del dióxido de carbono atmosférico (CO2) liberado por la quema de combustibles fósiles. Una vez en el océano, el dióxido de carbono disuelto sufre una serie de reacciones químicas que aumentan la concentración de iones de hidrógeno al tiempo que reducen el pH del océano y los minerales de carbonato, un proceso llamado acidificación del océano.

Los estudios han demostrado que la acidificación de los océanos podría tener consecuencias dramáticas para la vida marina y las comunidades cuyos medios de vida dependen de los recursos de nuestro océano.

Cuando el dióxido de carbono de la atmósfera se disuelve en agua de mar, forma ácido carbónico y libera iones de hidrógeno. La acidez o alcalinidad se determina por el número de iones de hidrógeno (H +) disueltos en agua y se mide por la escala de pH. Estos iones de hidrógeno se unen con los iones de carbonato disponibles (CO3-) para formar bicarbonato (HCO3-), agotando el carbonato disponible en los océanos. Eso es un gran problema porque menos carbonato en los océanos hace que sea más difícil para las criaturas calcificadas como corales, almejas, erizos de mar o plancton formar sus conchas o esqueletos de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3).

"En este momento estamos liberando alrededor de 10 mil millones de toneladas de carbono por año a la atmósfera y aproximadamente dos mil quinientos millones de toneladas de ese tipo van al océano", dijo a Live Scott Doney, profesor de Ciencias Ambientales en la Universidad de Virginia. Ciencias.

Desde que comenzó la industrialización hace más de 200 años, el pH de las aguas superficiales de los océanos ha disminuido en 0.1 unidades. Esto puede no parecer mucho, pero el pH es logarítmico, lo que significa que cada unidad representa un aumento de diez veces en la acidez. Ese 0.1 representa aproximadamente un aumento del 30% en la acidez. Se estima que para fines de siglo, el pH puede disminuir en 0.4 unidades si las emisiones globales continúan con un enfoque de "negocios como siempre", según el Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático.

De hecho, los investigadores descubrieron que nuestros océanos se están volviendo más ácidos más rápido que nunca en los últimos 300 millones de años, un período que abarca cuatro extinciones masivas.

"Desde la década de 1950, a la gente le preocupaba que el océano absorbiera todo este carbono", dijo Doney. "Sabíamos que esto cambiaría la química del agua de mar, pero no sabíamos hasta finales de los 90 qué tan sensibles eran los organismos a la acidificación del océano".

fuentes: https://www.livescience.com

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