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MILITARY INVENTIONS THAT HAVE REACHED A NEW LEVEL

MILITARY INVENTIONS THAT HAVE REACHED A NEW LEVEL lannt 67 المشاهدات • منذ 2 سنوات

Mind Warehouse ► https://goo.gl/aeW8Sk

1) Smart Shooter SMASH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wx6ZNjxC7SA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Yb9u5KRq3M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ka3N7QmFMJo

2) SPARTAN
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1R6JYLxHck
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vN-fddPVq4U

3) JFD Torpedo SEAL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdT3CJy0ecY

4) Alaska Defense
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGljMmDkU3o
+
4.1) MMH - Mobile Modular Hospital
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XdOH1X3bzg

5) Fibrotex Mobile Camouflage System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAhVkD9fzkg

6) KASTINGER BRASS CATCHER
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQ29CbXxIEk

7) CopterPack
(preview)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRfV5TvRjEA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyqEEh3maL4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mWoBC_ObLw

8) TREVA-30
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wx1z2zI7iAY

9) Faun Trackway
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVMqANSSHCc

10) NP Aerospace 4030 ELITE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE7cqGEAXY4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjVhOlYGUso
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppaTa7e9T7o

11) Elbit Systems HattoriX
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UK7lDeB_qCE

12) LRAD
(preview)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSMyY3_dmrM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgA6nEp81N4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noFaWm84dCQ

13) NIMR's AJBAN LRSOV
(preview)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHJCq_GpJ8g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzVTMJsm23s

14) Mwari
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eqgk5Tt6KZk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DG79-pQcrmY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dq0PxMoFB4

15) SPEAR-EW
(preview)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6YXVjSK5IE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPuL19rWxBg

00:00 - Smart Shooter SMASH
01:12 - SPARTAN
02:16 - Fibrotex Mobile Camouflage System
02:57 - Alaska Defense
03:47 - MMH - Mobile Modular Hospital
04:23 - KASTINGER BRASS CATCHER
05:13 - TREVA-30
06:18 - NP Aerospace 4030 ELITE
07:02 - Elbit Systems HattoriX
07:55 - CopterPack
08:55 - JFD Torpedo SEAL
09:52 - Faun Trackway
10:44 - LRAD
11:42 - NIMR's AJBAN LRSOV
12:47 - Mwari
13:50 - SPEAR-EW

For copyright matters please contact us at: copymanager.mn@gmail.com

Tech 06. How Is Gold Formed? Origins and Process

Tech 06. How Is Gold Formed? Origins and Process tonsamith 28 المشاهدات • منذ 3 سنوات

How Is Gold Formed? Origins and Process

Gold is a chemical element easily recognized by its yellow metallic color. It is valuable because of its rarity, resistance to corrosion, electrical conductivity, malleability, ductility, and beauty. If you ask people where gold comes from, most will say you obtain it from a mine, pan for flakes in a stream, or extract it from seawater. However, the true origin of the element predates the formation of the Earth.

Key Takeaways: How Is Gold Formed?
Scientists believe all the gold on Earth formed in supernovae and neutron star collisions that occurred before the solar system formed. In these events, gold formed during the r-process.
Gold sank to the Earth's core during the planet's formation. It's only accessible today because of asteroid bombardment.
Theoretically, it's possible to form gold by the nuclear processes of fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. It's easiest for scientists to transmute gold by bombarding the heavier element mercury and producing gold via decay.
Gold cannot be produced via chemistry or alchemy. Chemical reactions cannot change the number of protons within an atom. The proton number or atomic number defines an element's identity.

Natural Gold Formation
While nuclear fusion within the Sun makes many elements, the Sun cannot synthesize gold. The considerable energy required to make gold only occurs when stars explode in a supernova or when neutron stars collide. Under these extreme conditions, heavy elements form via the rapid neutron-capture process or r-process.

Where Does Gold Occur?
All of the gold found on Earth came from the debris of dead stars. As the Earth formed, heavy elements such as iron and gold sank toward the planet's core. If no other event had occurred, there would be no gold in the Earth's crust. But, around 4 billion years ago, Earth was bombarded by asteroid impacts. These impacts stirred the deeper layers of the planet and forced some gold into the mantle and crust.

Some gold may be found in rock ores. It make occur as flakes, as the pure native element, and with silver in the natural alloy electrum. Erosion frees the gold from other minerals. Since gold is heavy, it sinks and accumulates in stream beds, alluvial deposits, and the ocean.

Earthquakes play an important role, as a shifting fault rapidly decompresses mineral-rich water. When the water vaporizes, veins of quartz and gold deposit onto rock surfaces. A similar process occurs within volcanoes.

How Much Gold Is in the World?
The amount of gold extracted from the Earth is a tiny fraction of its total mass. In 2016, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimated 5,726,000,000 troy ounces or 196,320 U.S. tons had been produced since the dawn of civilization. About 85% of this gold remains in circulation. Because gold is so dense (19.32 grams per cubic centimeter), it does not take up much space for its mass. In fact, if you melted all the gold mined to date, you'd wind up with a cube about 60 feet across!

Nevertheless, gold accounts for a few parts per billion of the mass of the Earth's crust. While it's not economically feasible to extract much gold, there are about 1 million tons of gold in the top kilometer of the Earth's surface. The abundance of gold in the mantle and core is unknown, but it greatly exceeds the amount in the crust.

Synthesizing the Element Gold
Attempts by alchemists to turn lead (or other elements) into gold were unsuccessful because no chemical reaction can change one element into another. Chemical reactions involve a transfer of electrons between elements, which may produce different ions of an element, but the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is what defines its element. All atoms of gold contain 79 protons, so the atomic number of gold is 79.

Making gold isn't as simple as directly adding or subtracting protons from other elements. The most common method of changing one element into another (transmutation) is to add neutrons to another element. Neutrons change the isotope of an element, potentially making the atoms unstable enough to break apart via radioactive decay.

Article by: Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Source: thoughtco.com
Created by: Ton Samith

We created this tutorial for the educational purpose of learning how gold is formed.

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